Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure that combines upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and x-rays to treat problems of the bile and pancreatic ducts.

A nucleic acid test (NAT) is a technique used to detect genetic material (DNA or RNA) in analysed samples

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a fast and inexpensive technique used to "amplify" - copy - small segments of DNA to enable testing.

More attention is given to systolic blood pressure (the first number) as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease for people over 50.