So what causes the “not so fresh” feeling? 

Sweat, food intake, medications, and hormonal changes all alter vaginal scent, but the most common cause of an unpleasant vaginal odor is an overgrowth of normal vaginal bacteria called bacterial vaginosis. 

Bacterial vaginosis is easy to treat with antibiotics, but the crucial step is to confirm the diagnosis with a medical provider. Self-diagnosing often leads to errors. The malodorous situation “down there” will not improve if we are not treating the right thing.

While most women will get bacterial vaginosis at some point in their life, everyone wants to know why BV happens and how to get rid of it.

What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is not an infection in the traditional sense, but rather a condition caused by an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria living in the vagina. 

Vaginal bacteria are supposed to be present. Bacteria live on our skin, mouths, and gastrointestinal tracts all the time. These healthy bacteria help keep our body systems running smoothly. The vagina always contains small amounts of healthy, protective bacteria.

Vaginal bacteria and yeast live in perfect harmony, maintaining the vaginal ecosystem. Bacteria and yeast work to keep the vaginal chemistry pH balanced in the healthy range between 3.5–5.5. 

Periodically, something disruptive happens to break the chemical balance allowing bacteria to flourish. When bacteria outgrows the counterbalancing yeast, women develop bacterial vaginosis.

When vaginal bacteria overpower and suppress yeast, women will notice a gray or yellow, fishy smelling discharge. 

Who is at risk for bacterial vaginosis?

BV is the most common vaginal condition, and any woman can get it. BV is more common in sexually active women, but it is not a sexually transmitted infection. 

BV is most common in ages 15 to 44, but it can happen at any age and in women who do not have sex. 

The risk of bacterial vaginosis increases with: 

• New sexual partners
• Multiple sex partners
• Inconsistent sexual activity or a change in a sexual routine
• Vaginal Douching. Douching disrupts the vaginal ecosystem by altering the vaginal acidity allowing bacteria to grow.
• Sex without condoms. Semen raises the vaginal pH allowing creating a hospitable bacterial environment. 
• Pregnancy. 25% of pregnant women develop episodic bacterial vaginosis due to hormonal changes in the vaginal chemistry. 
• African-American race
• Irregular vaginal bleeding or frequently spotting. Blood raises the vaginal pH allowing bacteria to thrive. Infections, polyps, and fibroids are common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. 

What are the symptoms of BV?

BV symptoms vary from person to person. While some may have no symptoms, others will notice a fishy vaginal odor, vulvar irritation, or discomfort with urination. Some experience a watery or foamy white, yellow, or gray vaginal discharge. 

These symptoms are often confused with STIs and vaginal yeast infections. Seeing your doctor or practitioner is the only way to determine if you have a BV and not a more severe problem.

The signs and symptoms of a BV are similar to other more serious infections. Trichomoniasis is a common STI that also causes itching and vaginal odor.

If left untreated, STIs and BV raise your risk of getting other STIs, including HIV. Untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia can lead to problems getting pregnant. BV can also lead to problems during pregnancy, such as preterm labor and premature delivery.

How is bacterial vaginosis diagnosed?

A doctor will do a pelvic exam to look for the characteristic discharge. The doctor may also use a cotton swab to take a sample of the discharge from the vagina. 

A test can be done to see if the pH is elevated. The providers may add a chemical called KOH to perform a Whiff test. (Yes, this involves smelling the discharge). Finally, the provider may look at the sample under a microscope to evaluate for a particular finding called clue cells. 

Nucleic acid amplification microbial testing is a widely available rapid test technology to help distinguish between yeast, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis. 

How is bacterial vaginosis treated?

BV is treated with prescription antibiotics. Metronidazole pills or vaginal gel are the most common. Clindamycin is a common acceptable alternative. 

Sex partners do not need to be treated.

Patients suffering from recurrent bacterial vaginosis may qualify for more robust treatment protocols.

Many times BV will resolve on its own. Vaginas are very effective at self-correcting. Untreated BV increases the risk of getting HIV, genital herpes, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Women with HIV who get BV are also more likely to pass HIV to a male sexual partner.

Is it safe to treat pregnant women who have BV?

The medicine used to treat BV is safe for pregnant women at any stage of pregnancy. All pregnant women with symptoms of BV should be tested and treated. Some evidence indicates a link between BV and preterm birth. 

How can I lower my risk of BV?

Researchers do not know exactly what causes BV, but we know ways to help the vagina maintain a normal pH and reduce the risk of BV. Steps include:

• Keeping your vaginal bacteria balanced. Use warm water to clean the outside of your vagina. Always wipe front to back from your vagina to your anus. Keep the area cool by wearing cotton or cotton-lined underpants.
• Fix irregular bleeding. Blood in the vagina raises the pH. A gynecologist can help find a solution to abnormal uterine bleeding and spotting. Fixing the blood exposure often eliminates recurrent bacterial vaginosis. 
• Avoid douching. Douching wipes out the balance of good and harmful bacteria in your vagina. 
• Not having sex. Abstaining from sex is not a popular option for some, and you can get BV without having sex. But BV is more common in women who have sex.
• Pull out. Semen raises the vaginal pH. Women with recurrent BV may want to have their male partner withdraw the penis prior to ejaculating inside the vagina.
• Limiting your number of sex partners. Research indicates an increased BV risk with multiple partners.

The post Bacterial Vaginosis; What to Do When Your Vagina Smells Bad appeared first on Medika Life.

What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition caused by changes in the amount of certain types of bacteria in your vagina. BV can develop when your vagina has more harmful bacteria than good bacteria.

Who gets BV?

BV is the most common vaginal condition in women ages 15 to 44.¹ But women of any age can get it, even if they have never had sex.

You may be more at risk for BV if you:

• Have a new sex partner
• Have multiple sex partners
• Douche
• Do not use condoms or dental dams
• Are pregnant. BV is common during pregnancy. About 1 in 4 pregnant women get BV. The risk for BV is higher for pregnant women because of the hormonal changes that happen during pregnancy.
• Are African-American. BV is twice as common in African-American women as in white women.
• Have an intrauterine device (IUD), especially if you also have irregular bleeding

How do you get BV?

Researchers are still studying how women get BV. You can get BV without having sex, but BV is more common in women who are sexually active. Having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners, as well as douching, can upset the balance of good and harmful bacteria in your vagina. This raises your risk of getting BV.¹

What are the symptoms of BV?

Many women have no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may include:

• Unusual vaginal discharge. The discharge can be white (milky) or gray. It may also be foamy or watery. Some women report a strong fish-like odor, especially after sex.
• Burning when urinating
• Itching around the outside of the vagina
• Vaginal irritation

These symptoms may be similar to vaginal yeast infections and other health problems. Only your doctor or nurse can tell you for sure whether you have BV.

What is the difference between BV and a vaginal yeast infection?

BV and vaginal yeast infections are both common causes of vaginal discharge. They have similar symptoms, so it can be hard to know if you have BV or a yeast infection. Only your doctor or nurse can tell you for sure if you have BV.

With BV, your discharge may be white or gray but may also have a fishy smell. Discharge from a yeast infection may also be white or gray but may look like cottage cheese.

How is BV diagnosed?

There are tests to find out if you have BV. Your doctor or nurse takes a sample of vaginal discharge. Your doctor or nurse may then look at the sample under a microscope, use an in-office test, or send it to a lab to check for harmful bacteria. Your doctor or nurse may also see signs of BV during an exam.

Before you see a doctor or nurse for a test:

• Don’t douche or use vaginal deodorant sprays. They might cover odors that can help your doctor diagnose BV. They can also irritate your vagina.
• Make an appointment for a day when you do not have your period.

How is BV treated?

BV is treated with antibiotics prescribed by your doctor.

If you get BV, your male sex partner won’t need to be treated. But, if you are female and have a female sex partner, she might also have BV. If your current partner is female, she needs to see her doctor. She may also need treatment.

It is also possible to get BV again. Learn how to lower your risk for BV.

BV and vaginal yeast infections are treated differently. BV is treated with antibiotics prescribed by your doctor. Yeast infections can be treated with over-the-counter medicines. But you cannot treat BV with over-the-counter yeast infection medicine.

What can happen if BV is not treated?

If BV is untreated, possible problems may include:

• Higher risk of getting STIs, including HIV. Having BV can raise your risk of getting HIV, genital herpes, chlamydia, pelvic inflammatory disease, and gonorrhea. Women with HIV who get BV are also more likely to pass HIV to a male sexual partner.
• Pregnancy problems. BV can lead to premature birth or a low-birth-weight baby (smaller than 5 1/2 pounds at birth). All pregnant women with symptoms of BV should be tested and treated if they have it.

What should I do if I have BV?

BV is easy to treat. If you think you have BV:

• See a doctor or nurse. Antibiotics will treat BV.
• Take all of your medicine. Even if symptoms go away, you need to finish all of the antibiotic.
• Tell your sex partner(s) if she is female so she can be treated.
• Avoid sexual contact until you finish your treatment.
• See your doctor or nurse again if you have symptoms that don’t go away within a few days after finishing the antibiotic.

Is it safe to treat pregnant women who have BV?

Yes. The medicine used to treat BV is safe for pregnant women. All pregnant women with symptoms of BV should be tested and treated if they have it.

If you do have BV, you can be treated safely at any stage of your pregnancy. You will get the same antibiotic given to women who are not pregnant.

How can I lower my risk of BV?

Researchers do not know exactly how BV spreads. Steps that might lower your risk of BV include:

• Keeping your vaginal bacteria balanced. Use warm water only to clean the outside of your vagina. You do not need to use soap. Even mild soap can cause irritate your vagina. Always wipe front to back from your vagina to your anus. Keep the area cool by wearing cotton or cotton-lined underpants.
• Not douching. Douching upsets the balance of good and harmful bacteria in your vagina. This may raise your risk of BV. It may also make it easier to get BV again after treatment. Doctors do not recommend douching.
• Not having sex. Researchers are still studying how women get BV. You can get BV without having sex, but BV is more common in women who have sex.
• Limiting your number of sex partners. Researchers think that your risk of getting BV goes up with the number of partners you have.

How can I protect myself if I am a female and my female partner has BV?

If your partner has BV, you might be able to lower your risk by using protection during sex.

• Use a dental dam every time you have sex. A dental dam is a thin piece of latex that is placed over the vagina before oral sex.
• Cover sex toys with condoms before use. Remove the condom and replace it with a new one before sharing the toy with your partner.

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